Gypsum is a soft, translucent sulfate mineral that allows just enough light to penetrate for photosynthetic organisms to survive inside, while also protecting them from being desiccated or exposed to ...

Cyanobacteria, as they still exist today, were the first organisms to carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen. Produced in primeval oceans about 2.5 billion years ago, this oxygen accumulated in ...

Supercomputer simulations identify stellar rotation as the mechanism driving chemical mixing in red giants, explaining long-observed surface composition changes during stellar evolution.

A SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage belched a massive cloud of lithium and other pollutants roughly 62 miles over Europe upon ...

A closer look at Earth’s history shows that melting ice sheets temporarily increased stratification in the Southern Ocean.

Art is much like peeling an onion; only upon removing one layer does the next layer reveal. In the Indian tradition, the quality of a masterpiece lies in what it conceals; similarly, the quality of a ...

Scientists detected a lithium spike nearly 60 miles above Earth and traced it to a Falcon 9 rocket re-entry, raising concerns.

Standing before a masterpiece in a hushed museum gallery, most visitors admire the brushwork, the colors, the composition. They walk away thinking they've seen everything. Yet many of the world's most ...

Engineers can now build spacecraft electronics that are intrinsically radiation-tolerant, significantly reducing launch weight.

Under bone-chilling conditions, an international team of scientists has unlocked the secrets to better understand a ...

This is the first observational evidence that re-entering space debris leaves a detectable, human-caused chemical fingerprint ...

Earth’s core has often been described as just a giant ball of iron and nickel. Now, a new study argues that it is also a major storage place for hydrogen, possibly equivalent to dozens of oceans’ ...