Combining two TLx431 regulators together to make a programmable gain current mirror that can be also used for a current loop ...

Current. Too little of it, and you can’t get where you’re going, too much and your hardware’s on fire. In many projects, it’s desirable to know just how much current is being drawn, and even more ...

Many of today's applications require current measurement for power estimation, regulation purposes, or for diagnostics. This article focuses on circuits with analog outputs that are needed for loop ...

Current often is derived from the voltage drop measured across a shunt of known value. However, as the paper states, “It is common practice for current shunts to be calibrated at a single current ...

Efficiency in power-related systems is typically defined in terms of the useful power output divided by the total power consumed, as in "the efficiency of such-and-such switching power supply is 97%." ...