In-circuit testers rely on bed-of-nails-type fixtures that give the tester access to every node (or net) of the printed circuit board (PCB). Using this access, the tester takes a divide-and-conquer ...

Electrical engineers have manually identified circuit faults using multimeter testing and visual inspections, spending countless hours measuring currents and inspecting for soldering defects.

Analyzing failures in printed circuit boards (PCBs) is critical to ensure the functionality and reliability of electronic devices. A synopsis of the methods and techniques utilized in PCB failure ...