In our previous issue, we noted that the first step in troubleshooting digital input modules is to verify the power source of each loop. If input power is missing, the causes can be such things as ...

A key subsystem in a programmable logic controller is the analog input module, which provides a high-precision front end to measure a wide variety of sensors. In many cases, however, the amplifier ...

Electronic control modules (ECMs) are small, dedicated computers that control components and systems in vehicles or other machines. Automotive ECMs control the engine, the anti-lock braking system ...