Fig.2 Frequency characteristics of dielectric constant in relation to the domain structures at different scales. Fig.3 Outline of the review Fig.4 Proposed approach for future research on EO mechanism ...

As global data traffic soars, transmitting information with light instead of electrical signals is becoming crucial for ...

Lithium niobate (LN) powers a newly developed optical metasurface for shaping and guiding light waves. Leveraging the electro-optical effect of lithium niobate, the device applies different electric ...

Photon, an elementary particle that transmits electromagnetic interaction, is a kind of gauge boson. Photons are the carriers of electromagnetic radiation, and photons are considered as the medium of ...