In fields ranging from immunology and ecology to economics and thermodynamics, multi-scale complex systems are ubiquitous. They are also notoriously difficult to model. Conventional approaches take ...

SURD, an algorithm, reveals causal links in complex systems. Applications may include forecasting climate to projecting population growth to designing efficient aircraft. Getting to the heart of ...

An ever-increasing number of information systems are becoming indispensable in nearly all aspects of health care delivery, from electronic health records (EHRs) and radiology image viewers to ...

Complex systems such as metabolic pathways, ecosystems, the Internet, or human societies are comprised of large numbers of components that interact according to rules that change over time and that ...

From the complicated web of scientific knowledge to interactions among entire species, complex and interconnected systems are all around us. Understanding cause and effect in such intricate systems ...

Calvin Hennick is a freelance journalist who specializes in business and technology writing. He is a contributor to the CDW family of technology magazines. NASA has more programs today than at any ...

Semiconductor devices now anchor the world’s most demanding infrastructures—from hyperscale data centers to advanced automotive platforms and industrial control systems. At scale, even rare faults can ...