In a photovoltaic, semiconductor, and hard disk drive manufacturing industries, the ability to identify nanoscale-sized areas of high and low conductivity is crucial. With an ever-growing requirement ...

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most accepted analytical measurement methods for the characterization of materials in government, academic, and industrial R&D laboratories. The spatial ...

AFM is commonly used to characterize nanoparticles, which include valuable data related to their qualitative and quantitative properties. For instance, it provides information about the physical ...